Holocaust The Role Of Wealth And Nationality - 870 Words

Marnix Croes groundbreaking study entitled, Holocaust Survival Differentials in the Netherlands, 1942-1945: The Role of Wealth and Nationality thoroughly entails the brutal persecution of roughly 140,000 Jews in the Netherlands during the Germans attempt to kill a majority of the Jewish population throughout Europe. Marnix Croes is a researcher at the Ministry of Justice in the Netherlands. He frequently writes about the genocide that took place back in the early 1940s. This article discusses how wealth and nationality played a key role in withstanding the persecution from Germans for an extended period during the Holocaust era as opposed to a traditional Jew. The two elements were essential for the Nazi in deciding when and where the Jews would be sent to meet their excruciating death. However, those of the highest socioeconomic status were ironically sent to camp Wester Bork transit camp after the Jews of the lowest socioeconomic status. This analysis goes against the usual assumption that having a higher social status would provide a chance to survive at a better rate. Evasion through hiding was also a route Jews could embark on in that would allow a better chance of survival. However, this article presents statistical evidence that shows a survival rate similar for those who chose to the hideout and for those who did not. The deportation of the Jews to Westerbork was often evaded through the obtainment of an exemption. These exemptions meant not hing because theyShow MoreRelatedAnti Semitism And The Jewish Population1304 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved to have substantial influences in financial markets as well as the business world. They are considered to be extremely frugal, stingy people who manipulate the economy into becoming financially successful. Also, Jews are assumed to possess a wealth of control over the public in the both the media and the government. As a result, Jews may be accused of having an excess of power in worldly affairs. In addition, the Jewish population is held responsible for the majority of the world’s wars andRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Holocaust1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust changed not only Jewish lives but also the lives of everyone involved. The holocaust is defined as the thorough destruction involving extensive loss of life especially through fire; however historically its definition refers to the mass slaughter of European civilians and especially Jews by the Nazis d uring World War II. From the beginning the Nazis who were being faithful to Hitler had specifically targeted the Jews. The Nazis had a relentless hatred for the Jews rested on the viewRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi Party1719 Words   |  7 Pagesand their role in World War One created tension in the government and in the people. The Holocaust can be looked at through eight itemized stages. Genocide can only be stopped with intervention on a worldwide scale. It disheartens me to know that mass murders have taken place throughout Europe because the Nazi Party declared themselves the higher being and therefore gave themselves the right to be the judge, jury, and executioner of the people less fortunate. Finally, The Holocaust, driven byRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide1307 Words   |  6 PagesOften described as the most horrible and systematic human massacre since the Holocaust, the Rwandan Genocide has been a subject of research and debate for decades. Typical ly, ethnic and cultural differences between segments of Rwanda’s diverse population, namely the Hutu and the Tutsi, is the reason given to explain the genocide. Although this is a valid argument, the roots of the conflict are more complex stretching back to the era of colonialism. The impact of colonialism on Rwandan politics andRead MoreGhosts of Rwanda Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful (Uvin, 2001). While Rwanda was in an economic crisis, the government maintained its expenditure pattern by increased borrowing and increasing Rwanda’s foreign debt (Uvin, 1998), thus providing an example of the Rwanda’s elite trying to maintain wealth and power. There were several variables that threatened the power and the regime of President Habyarimana and his inner circle known as the Akazu including, the economic crisis, financial structural adjustment, internal political discontent, the PRFRead MoreSouth Sudan at Risk of Genocide1469 Words   |  6 Pagesand contin ues to happen; it is estimated that since the year 1900, more than 170 million lives have been lost. If you were to think of that in size, it would be equal to the entire population of Nigeria, gone, wiped out of existence. After the holocaust of World War II, additional steps were taken to ensure history didn’t repeat itself. The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was held in 1948, conducted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) it concludedRead MoreAnalysis Of Matt Taibbi s Piece, He Investigates The Shennigans Of Mr Eric Holder And The Banking Fiasco1959 Words   |  8 Pagesethics warned that ‘a Realtor should never be instrumental in introducing into a neighborhood ... any race or nationality, or any individuals whose presence will clearly be detrimental to property values’†(Coates, p. 11). The FHA was racist; it â€Å"exhorted segregation and enshrined it as public policy† (Coates, p. 11). There wa s no way for black Americans to experience the same gains in wealth as the white Americans. Once black Americans were pushed away from buying their own house the government thenRead MoreEffects of British Colonial Rule in India4318 Words   |  18 PagesAbtract The colonization of India and the immense transfer of wealth that moved from the latter to Britain were vital to the success of the British Empire. In fact, the Viceroy of British India in 1894 called India â€Å"the pivot of our Empire †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I examine the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the subcontinent. Besides highlighting the fact that without cheap labor and raw materials from India, the modernization of Britain during this era would have been highly unlikely, I will show how colonialRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagespeople in the cultural integration process. Furthermore, the study is intended to identify and describe the techniques in which people become culturally integrated and the number of questions being raised. It is also aimed at examining the role of government, the United Nations the World Bank, the NGOs, the Foreigners, Immigrants, in the cultural integration process. Finally, it is to examine the constraints and consequences of cultural integration, since the long-term results are leavingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestheir situation within the domestic sphere and the conditions under which they labored to expand the career opportunities available to them at different times and in diverse settings. She places special emphasis on the important but often overlooked roles they played in politics, particularly those associated with resistance movements, and their contributions to arts and letters worldwide. Drawing on the essay collections and series on women in world history that she has edited over the past decade

Texas Tough The Rise Of Americas Prison Empire

Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire In Robert Perkinson’s book, Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire, a remarkable amount of a decade’s worth of in-depth research is given regarding Texas and it’s astounding past regarding racism, prisons, and penitentiaries. Perkinson’s finding lead to how the only way to escape what could be the continuation of tragedy in this nation is to examine the history of this nation’s most severe prison state, Texas. It all dates back to 1848 when Texas’s first penitentiary was built. Residing in a â€Å"sleepy town surrounded by pine forests and tumbledown farms, seventy miles north of Houston,† the chosen place was called Huntsville (Perkinson 15). Known as â€Å"the Walls† because of it twenty-five foot high red brick walls that surround the prison,† Huntsville is also known for the escape of â€Å"Clyde Barrow of Bonnie and Clyde fame, the state’ s most notorious escape,† and a number of other great historical occurrences. One civil rights case that the Walls is known for is Ruiz vs. Estelle, in which Texas prisons were declared cruel and unusual by a federal judge in 1980 (Perkinson 17). It is known to many that there were multiple ways to execute a criminal, one of which is by electrocution. The notorious electric chair at the Walls was named Ol Sparky and within the span of 40 years starting in 1924, it ended 361 lives. Huntsville is known as not just a prison town, but a new sort of AmericanShow MoreRelated The Rise of America’s Prison Empire Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesWhen envisioning a prison, one often conceptualizes a grisly scene of hardened rapists and murderers wandering aimlessly down the darkened halls of Alcatraz, as opposed to a pleasant facility catering to the needs of troubled souls. Prisons have long been a source of punishment for inmates in America and the debate continues as to whet her or not an overhaul of the US prison system should occur. Such an overhaul would readjust the focuses of prison to rehabilitation and incarceration of inmates insteadRead MoreImmigration to the United States8027 Words   |  33 Pagesthe average fiscal deficit for former unlawful immigrant households would fall to $11,455. †¢ At the end of the interim period, unlawful immigrants are now eligible for meanstested welfare and medical subsidies under Obamacare. Average benefits would rise to $43,900 per household; tax payments would remain around $16,000; the average fiscal deficit (benefits minus taxes) would be about $28,000 per household. †¢ Amnesty would also raise retirement costs by making unlawful immigrants eligible for SocialRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam WineburgRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesMexico that U.S. entry was likely once unrestricted submarine warfare began, and invited Mexico to join the war as Germanys ally against the United States. - In return, the Germans would send Mexico money and help it recover the territories of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona that Mexico lost during the Mexican-American War 70  years earlier. - Wilson released the Zimmerman note to the public and Americans saw it as a cause for war. U.S. declaration of war on Germany - After the sinking of sevenRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesNeil K. Friedman, Queens College; Lawrence Aronhime, John Hopkins University; Joseph Marrocco, Boston University; Morgan Milner, Eastern Michigan University; Souha Ezzedeen, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; Regina Hughes, University of Texas; Karen Stewart, Stockton College; Francy Milner, University of Colorado; Greg M. Allenby, Ohio State University; Annette Fortia, Old Westbury; Bruce Ryan, Loyola; Jennifer Barr, Stockton College; Dale Van Cantfort, Piedmont University; Larry GoldsteinRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagessystems in Asia, both on the demand and supply sides. These include: Income growth with increasing urbanization: Except in Japan, real per caput income growth occurred in many Asian countries during the 1990s, along with the rapid rise of the middle class. This is the main factor behind the growing demand for processed foods. The rapid increase in the number of people owning refrigerators induced a shift from daily shopping in traditional retail outlets to Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesminimum wage. Ford became an internationally famous ï ¬ gure, and the word Fordism was coined for his new approach.12 Ford’s apparent generosity, however, was matched by an intense effort to control the resources—both human and material—with which his empire was built. He employed hundreds of inspectors to check up on employees, both inside and outside his factories. In the factory supervision was close and conï ¬ ning. Employees were not allowed to leave their places at the production line, and they wereRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesResponsible Managers Relieve Stress on Their Employees 607 Questions for Review 608 Experiential Exercise Power and the Changing Environment 608 Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC 609 Case Incident 1 Starbucks Returns to Its Roots 610 Case Incident 2 The Rise of Extreme Jobs 610 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior 616 623 Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 About the Authors Stephen P. Robbins Education Ph.D. University of Arizona Professional Experience AcademicRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagespreferred classical music. The club’s name, the Ministry of Sound, ironically recalled Palumbo’s father, a former Minister in the Conservative government of the day. Yet within just 10 years, Palumbo built the Ministry of Sound into a music and media empire worth nearly  £150m. Two years later, Palumbo had quit as chief executive and the Ministry of Sound was looking for a new strategic direction. The Ministry of Sound’s start had been difï ¬ cult. Dance music had its origins in ‘acid house’, itself with

Soren Kierkegaard Free Essays

Project: Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century As a man whose work spans across areas such as philosophy, theology, devotional literature, and more, Soren Kierkegaard is considered one of the mega-minds of philosophy and the 19th century. He was influenced by many people throughout his life, as well as influencing many people himself. With works that ranged from religious views all the way to developing a â€Å"new† way to view our surroundings, Kierkegaard was a very well-rounded and mentally profound man. We will write a custom essay sample on Soren Kierkegaard or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were few people that could influence such a profound mind at the time, but Kierkegaard found them both in church as well as in the realm of philosophy. As a whole Kierkegaard lead a rather boring life and was rarely seen away from his hometown of Copenhagen, Denmark. â€Å"[Kierkegaard] was educated at a prestigious boys’ school (Borgerdydskolen), then attended Copenhagen University where he studied philosophy and theology. His teachers at the university included F. C. Sibbern, Poul Martin Moller, and H. L. Martensen (McDonald, 1996). † Moller had a major negative effect on Kierkegaard’s philosophic-literary development. In H. L. Martensen, he found the perfect match, someone who taught him in school and was involved in the church as well. â€Å"†¦when [Martensen] became Bishop Primate of the Danish People’s Church, Kierkegaard published a vitriolic attack on Martensen’s theological views (McDonald, 1996). † Martensen was considered one of Kierkegaard’s chief intellectual rivals. Another very important figure in Kierkegaard’s life was J. L. Heiberg, the doyen of Copenhagen’s literati (McDonald, 1996). † Heiberg influenced Kierkegaard to write his first major publication, â€Å"†¦From the Papers of One Still Living, [which] is largely an attempt to articulate a Heibergian aesthetics – which is a modified version of Hegel’s aesthetics (McDonald, 1996). † Another group of people/entities that pro foundly influenced Kierkegaard were his mother, his father, and God. His mother had no visible impact on Kierkegaard’s writing, but â€Å"†¦for a writer who places so much emphasis on indirect communication, and on the semiotics of invisibility, we should regard this absence as significant (McDonald, 1996). † There was even another philosopher named Johannes Climacus that stated â€Å"†¦ ‘in Concluding Unscientific Postscript  remarks, ‘†¦ how deceptive then, that an omnipresent being should be recognisable precisely by being invisible’ (McDonald, 1996). † His father’s influence has been noted quite frequently in Kierkegaard’s works. Not only did Kierkegaard inherit his father’s melancholy, his sense of guilt and anxiety, and his pietistic emphasis on the dour aspects of Christian faith, but he also inherited his talents for philosophical argument and creative imagination (McDonald, 1996). Kierkegaard was a very religious man, even though he did not attend church on a regular basis. â€Å"He perceived God and existence of life from a humanistic view emphasizing the total autonomy of man (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011). As almost a lone man standing, Kierkegaard was in seclusion publishing his writings for most of his adult life, due to the atheism of fellow philosophers of his time. â€Å"[Kierkegaard’s] legacy was his belief that our response to God should be one of unrestrained passion toward our beloved (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011). † During his later years Kierkegaard felt that the Christian religion had become corrupt through secular and political involvement, so he started to attack Christendom saying that the individual is fully responsible for their faith in God without doctrinal influence. The Christian ideal, according to Kierkegaard, is even more exacting since the totality of an individual’s existence is the artefact on the basis of which s/he is judged by God for h/er eternal validity. Of course a writer’s work is an important part of h/er existence, but for the purpose of judgment we should focus on the whole life not just on one part (McDonald, 1996) Kierkegaard influenced others as well with his works that were published and unpublished throughout his lifetime. Kierkegaard’s Christian philosophy may have been rejected by clergy, but he certainly influenced individual Christians who became enamored with his theology. Most notably are American theologians Paul Tillich and Lincoln Swain, and philosophers from Europe — Karl Jaspers, Gabriel Marcel, Miguel de Unamuno — and from Russia Nikolai Berdyaev (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011) Kierkegaard is known as one of the fathers of existentialism. Existentialists are characterized by: * They are obsessed with how to live one’s life and believe that philosophical and psychological inquiry can help. They believe there are certain questions that everyone must deal with (if they are to take human life seriously), and that these are special — existential — questions. Questions such as death, the meaning of human existence, the place of God in human existence, the meaning of value, interpersonal relationship, the place of self-reflective conscious knowledge of one’s self in existing. Note that the existentialists on this characterization don’t pay much attention to â€Å"social† questions such as the politics of life and what â€Å"social† responsibility the society or state has. They focus almost exclusively on the individual. By and large Existentialists believe that life is very difficult and that it doesn’t have an â€Å"objective† or universally known value, but that the individual must create value by affirming it and living it, not by talking about it. Existential choices and values are primarily demonstrated in ACT not in words. Given that one is focusing on individual existence and the â€Å"existential† struggles (that is, in making decisions that are meaningful in everyday life), they often find that literary characterizations rather than more abstract philosophical thinking, are the best ways to elucidate existential struggles. They tend to take freedom of the will, the human power to do or not do, as absolutely obvious. Now and again there are arguments for free will in Existentialist literature, but even in these arguments, one gets the distinct sense that the arguments are not for themselves, but for â€Å"outsiders. † Inside the movement, free will is axiomatic, it is intuitively obvious, it is the backdrop of all else that goes on. There are certainly exceptions to each of these things, but this is sort of a placing of the existentialist-like positions. Corbett, 1985) Kierkegaard contributed to this movement with his works due to the influence of his father and others that are previously mentioned, with a melancholy typed self actualization mind set. Kierkegaard did not believe that everyone on earth had the same plan for life, or that they were all here for the same reason, in fact he believed the exact opposite, all people on earth have a different life path, whether that be Christianity or at heism, â€Å"plumber or surgeon†, smart or dumb, he believed that the individual has the power to fulfill whatever destiny they please. One xistential quote found was posted by an anonymous user stated, there is no luck, no fate, no ultimate plan in life, there is just determination†¦100% determination to succeed and make something of yourself. As one of the founding fathers of existentialism and a great mind of his time Soren Kierkegaard is now remembered as a mega-mind of the 19th century. With influences galore and a self actualizing personality, he formed a great reputation for himself. Maybe not recognized in his time, Soren Kierkegaard is by far one of the most influential philosophers of the modern world. References Corbett, B. (1985, March). What is Existentialism? Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Webster. edu website: http://www. webster. edu/? ~corbetre/? philosophy/? existentialism/? whatis. html McDonald, W. (1996, December 3). 1. Kierkegaard’s Life. In Soren Kierkegaard. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy website: http://plato. stanford. edu/? entries/? kierkegaard/? #Chron Philosopher Kierkegaard. (2011). Retrieved November 10, 2011, from AllAboutPhilosophy. org website: http://www. allaboutphilosophy. org/? philosopher-kierkegaard-faq. htm How to cite Soren Kierkegaard, Papers

Pre-Marital Sex free essay sample

WOWS Premarital Sex? Its undeniable that almost everyone has their own interpretation about premarital sex. Different people according to their age and life status have different perception about it. This disturbing immoral thing badly affects social life and spiritual aspect of an individual. Some people may agree on this issue but some may not. If one decides to do this immoral act, he or she may suffer under the consequences. There are many issues that touch the premarital sex such as; abortion, sex education and HIVE. This will also bring you disgrace. It is good to know certain right information about premarital sex. Premarital sex is an activity practiced by an unmarried couple that is biblically called as fornication. It is usually refer to as intercourse before the legal age of a marriage. This sexual activity would let one lose virginity which is a significance of a person particularly on the women. However, this issue should be given attention because the rate increased from 5% to 6. 4% between 2002 and 2007. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze factors influencing premarital sexual intercourse among in-school late adolescents in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from the research of the Indonesian Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey (IYARHS) 2007. The study population of 6,792 in-school late adolescents aged 15-19 years was selected from a total of 19,311 unmarried Indonesian young adults that were interviewed. The findings illustrate that 2. 4% of the in-school late adolescents have engaged in premarital sexual intercourse. Evidence indicated that sex, age, place of residence, knowledge of sexual reproductive health (SRH), knowledge of contraceptive methods, source of SRH information, attitude towards acceptance of premarital sexual intercourse, relationship status defined by having a boyfriend or girlfriend, risky consumption behaviors, and peer influences have a significant association with in-school adolescents that have experienced premarital sexual intercourse.

Tuesdays With Morrie Essays (826 words) - Morrie Schwartz

Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays with Morrie , Mitch Albom Tuesdays with Morrie, written by Mitch Albom is a story of the love between a man and his college professor, Morrie Schwartz. This true story captures the compassion and wisdom of a man who only knew good in his heart. A man who lived his life to the fullest up until the very last breath of his happily fulfilled life. It is a story of a special bond of friendship that was lost for many years, but never forgotten and simply picked up again at a crucial time of both Morries and Mitchs lives. When Morrie learned that he had only a few months to live with the deadly disease of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrigs disease, Morrie began the last class of his life with Mitch lifes greatest lesson. Throughout the last fourteen weeks of Morries life, Mitch met with him every Tuesday to learn and understand all of the wisdom and lessons of life that were within Morrie. The weekly routine consisted of lunch and lecture. These meetings included discussions on everything from the world when you enter it to the world when you say goodbye. From the relationship that these men had with each, a love is revealed like no other love resembles. This is a love of friendship and of respect. Such a bond between people is difficult to achieve. Their relationship consists of an unembarrassed love that is constantly present. Morrie Schwartz was a man of great wisdom who loved and enjoyed to see and experience a simplicity of life, something beyond lifes most challenging and unanswered mysteries. From Morrie, we learn that life is most happily experienced when enjoyed and fulfilled to its highest ability. Morrie shares this with Mitch in the last days of his life and these great lessons will be carried and practiced throughout Mitchs life. --------------------------------What I learned that was new for me--------------------------------- After reading Tuesdays with Morrie I felt a sense of discovery. Morrie Schwartz was a man that touched the lives of many. He will always be remembered for his sincerity and his compassion for life and for love. The lessons that Morrie loved to teach were of his own experience with life. These great lessons were full of wisdom and love and they came deep from within Morrie. I enjoyed reading this book by Mitch Albom and I am also envious of his experience with this incredible man. This book was on the Bestsellers List over the summer and it will continue to be read by many others who share the inspiration that I absorbed as a result of reading this book. I learned many lessons of life while reading this book. There were lessons of love, of family, of relationships, of education and many more topics and issues that were very touching to the heart. By reading this book I learned that wisdom comes with experience and it only inspired me to anticipate the lessons of life that I know I will come to learn as I live my own life. --------------------------------How the book affected me personally------------------------------ Tuesdays with Morrie affected me personally in many different ways. The simplest words that were uttered by Morrie could affect a person in more ways than one could explain. The unembarrassed love that Morrie shared with Mitch to me was incredible. The way that Morrie expressed his feelings and his love for people is amazing and is most often very rare. I think that the one major part of the book that affected me personally was the way that Mitch went to see Morrie after about seven years of being apart. After finishing high school, Mitch continued his life without seeing Morrie, but not without thinking of him on very many occasions. When Mitch saw Morrie on television explaining on a news program about his life threatening disease, Mitch went to see him shortly afterward. This is not often that people that once had a strong relationship with each other will reunite after such an extended period of time, and when it does it is a wonderful reunion. This reunion of Mitch and Morrie reminded me of a friendship that I once had with someone. After being friends for

The structure of the poems Essay Example

The structure of the poems Essay Example The structure of the poems Paper The structure of the poems Paper The word row could be considered to have a double meaning, as arguing and physical rowing on a boat. If the word row is conceived as the action of rowing on a boat, on water, then it represents their distance from the passion they had earlier as instead of allowing themselves to be submerged in the passion (e. g. Water or river), they row away from the love they experienced earlier in the relationship. The structure of the poems depends on the nature of each poem.Text’ is about the couple texting each other short, sweet messages early in the relationship, which explains the short, two line stanzas with a very simple rhyme scheme. However, as the relationship becomes more complicated, the structure correlates as in Forest’, there is no consistent rhyme scheme and the lines of each stanza are inconsistent, which could be linked to the references to the wild and the flow of water.Dissimilarly, Row’ has a strict rhyme scheme of abba’ which could refer to the mechanical way in which they argue and the loss of love. However, the last stanza of the poem breaks the mould as the rhyme scheme changes to abbb’ which may be because love is only mentioned in the last stanza, reminding her of what she had before the fight as well as the first word of each line in the last stanza spelling out But your[e] my love.Moreover, the structure of Quickdraw’ draws a parallel with the message of the poem as the combative turn in the relationship as the free verse could represent the chaotic nature of the relationship at this point. The hurt Duffy experiences is also reiterated by her singling out the first line of stanza two and three which, when combined, spell out You’ve wounded me/through the heart. Furthermore, the battling nature of the poem is also physically illustrated by the second and third stanzas being shaped like revolvers.Rapture is an honest depiction of a very human relationship, with Duffy attempting to eschew the deceptive nature of certain love poems by emphasising the highs but also the flaws of passionate love. The poems Text’, Forest’, Row’ and Quickdraw’- together form the progression and digression of a very genuine relationship as well as being brilliantly intuitive stand-alone poems by representing the birth, the intimacy, the fights and the aftermath of those fights.

Major Developments and Issues of China Telecommunication Term Paper

Major Developments and Issues of China Telecommunication - Term Paper Example The government upon the significance and volume of  the subscribers named separate service based and region based services to reach the end customer. The strong state holds organizations were built into a strong business network  competitive with private players. The fierce competition between the companies has opened up new challenges and avenues which are to be explored to sustain in the industry. The foreign mobile companies with more technology and business strategies provided new challenges for the state-owned companies to withstand in the industry. "No money to be made in a market with more than 1.3 billion people and a 7-8% average GDP growth rate? Doesn't that sound oxymoronic? Even with regulated competition in the Chinese telecom market, there are abundant business opportunities,". China is the largest populated country providing unlimited opportunities in major sectors  like telecom, Aviation, IT and software solutions. China telecommunications has been separated fro m affiliation from Ministry of post and telecommunications in 1994. China  Telecom was the only player used to take care of various other applications for entire china. Foreign players are not allowed to venture into China as a part of the constitutional  regulations existing at that point of time. MPT with its arm China telecom has made very bad progress throughout its operations due to factors like The increase of private players absorbing the market of the state-owned  organizations;  Ã‚  Loosing consumers confidence on the services; Political pressures and their ill effects; The monopoly and the negative consumer perceptions  forced the Chinese government to look for a change that can decentralize and elevate the performance of the telecom  industry. China has established one more organization called China Unicom. China Unicom a new player to start on its own performance failed to impress. The China telecom has shown its influence same as before as it was an arm of M PT (ministry of posts and telecom). China Unicom has been open to involvement by foreign parties. China telecom a serious contender used to confine itself to the native associations. China telecom used to play against China Unicom wherein telecom used to benefit from the deals. China Unicom has been met with resistance by China Telecom, which restricted interconnection with the national trunk network and, where access is granted, on terms that favored China Telecom at the expense of China Unicom and its foreign investors. By controlling the network in a healthy manner, the MPT neglected the development of China Unicom. The cold war between Unicom and telecom restricted foreign investors from making any real inroads in China's telecom sector. Reforms were initiated for major  developments to serve the consumers more effectively.

Critical Thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Critical Thinking - Assignment Example This paper analyses whether Nancy Cantor, who were once a Syracuse University chancellor, used critical thinking in a piece of work that she wrote in reply to the filing of affirmative action cases with U.S. Supreme Court. Cantor is rational and objective. Her argument does not portray emotional or subjective perceptions. Cantor developed her argument on justifiable reasons. In her first sentence, she recognizes the existence of collective fears, sins, and stereotypes between races. In the fourth paragraph, Cantor points out that race, is an essential aspect of life in America. The existence of Asian-American, Hispanics, Native Americans, Whites, African –Americans, and Native Americans in American society, support the view of Cantor. Students thus have historical and cultural experiences associated to their races. Cantor recognizes the existence of inequality and the need to factor in the issue of inequality in College admissions. Cantor is honest in her argument. She does not argue for a particular race. According to her, the decision of Justice Lewis F. Powell, urged the educator to create a truthfully integrated community of learners. Even though, the decision was aimed at helping students of color, Cantor looks at it as a benefit to the different races in Americans. Cantor sees the use of race-consciousness as way to build a positive society. According to her, the recognition of race as a factor in America would help solve the mistake made by racially segregated public districts schools that failed to recognize American history and possible impacts of race. In this way, Cantor recognizes the weight and extent of evidence and thus shows her use of judgment. Cantor’s consideration of President Bush’s argument shows her open-mindedness. The former president had earlier labeled the use of affirmative action program at the University of Michigan a quote system. Cantor responded by claiming that all students

Capital Asset Pricing Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capital Asset Pricing Model - Research Paper Example The average cost of capital in the S&P 500 is 10.2 percent. It can be said that the cost of capital of Nvidia is almost on par with S&P 500 companies. It is pertinent to note that risk free rate varies time to time depending upon the yield of government Treasury bill. Usually, it is found to give 3% in normal conditions and based on this treasury rate, the cost of equity can also be calculated using the same formulaRj = RF + ÃŽ ²j [RM - RF]It is assumed that difference between the expectation on rate of return for market portfolio and available risk-free rate of return, [RM - RF] factor is 7.0Then, Rj, the cost of equity = 3+ 1.54 [7]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 13.78Based on this, the cost of capital of Nvidia is certainly higher than average cost of S&P 500 companies.Answer 3.The cost of equity of Chevron (CVX) can be calculated in the s imilar fashion. Beta of Chevron is 0.70 (Key Statistics 2)The cost of equity = 3+ 0.7 [7]  Ã‚   (Assuming risk free return of 3%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 7.9The cost of equity is remarkably low in case of Chevron compared to the average cost of S&P 500 companies.It would be further interesting to find the cost of equity whose beta is 1.76 Wipro Ltd. (in NASDAQ known as WIP)The cost of equity of Wipro = 3 + 1.76 [7]  Ã‚   (Key Statistics 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 15.32Thus, Wipro has higher cost of equity than Nvidia and Nvidia’s cost of equity is higher than Chevron. With rising beta the cost of equity also goes up. It can be described as a stock valuation model that takes into consideration dividends and their growth, discount ed to present value.... in NASDAQ known as WIP) The cost of equity of Wipro = 3 + 1.76 [7] (Key Statistics 3) = 15.32 Thus, Wipro has higher cost of equity than Nvidia and Nvidia’s cost of equity is higher than Chevron. With rising beta the cost of equity also goes up. Answer 4. Dividend Growth Model It can be described as a stock valuation model that takes into consideration dividends and their growth, discounted to present value. Under this model, the valuation depends on 1. The Current Dividend 2. The Growth of Dividend at constant rate 3. Required Rate of Return For more clarity, it will be worthwhile to have some real life situation. The company is paying dividend of $2 per year and it is growing at the constant average rate of 3% per year. The only variable component in this model is required rate of return, if it is assumed as 15% Then, value under this model can be given as, Value= Current Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth) (Gordon Growth†¦2011) = 2 / (0.15 – 0.03) = 2 / 0.12 = 16.66 Above calculation tells that under the given assumptions, this stock at the price of $16.66 should yield average annual 15% rate of return. At this juncture, it will also be prudent to look at the required rate of return and its basis. The required rate or return is given as the risk free return (such as U.S Treasury bill gives) adding to the return required for taking the risk in investing the stock. Thus, required rate (RR) is given as RR = risk free return + ? (RM-RF) = 3+ 1.7 (10-3) {Beta for the industry under calculation is 1.70} = 15 That is how required rate of return was assumed as 15% (Dividend Growth†¦) Arbitrage Pricing Theory – APT This theory was propounded by Stephen Ross in 1976. This theory has more flexible assumptions to describe as and taken as an alternative to

Investigating The Importance Of WAN Technologies Information Technology Essay

Investigating The Importance Of WAN Technologies Information Technology Essay Wide area network is very important to the global to do their work easily now days every companies trying to develop their business all over the world wide area network helps them to connect their network together .the companies need to design the network according to their needs and purpose because different type of networks are available for different purpose. According to this project the company network placed in different countries each network hold different application Different type of architecture models is available to design network one is peer to peer model and another one is client/server model most of the network designed by using client/server model. peer to peer model is connect two or more computers connected through network this model is unsafe because it is difficult to implement security policies .different network topologies are available to design network so we have to consider these topologies when design a network. Normally every companies using star topology to design their network because this topology have more advantage when compare with other topologies various hardware components need to design a network such as switches, routers, firewalls, server, linkect By using Ethernet technologies and other network technologies several LAN (local area network) is created in different countries then each subnet LAN was connected together via ATM cloud to make WAN (wide area network) In this project company network model was designed in opnet modeller to investigate the performance of a network looking at WAN technologies with varying traffic loads there are different type of link used to implement the traffic load the network was designed up to getting the final result LITERATURE REVIEW Computer network Computer network is more than one computers or group of computers and network devices are connected together for the purpose sharing information, file and data between each computer. Different type of devices need to design a computer network such as switches, hubs, routers, different link, firewall, server and work station Protocols are use to do sharing information, files, datas over the network there are two transmission technology available in computer network one is broadcast and another is point to point connection. Computer network classified according to network architecture (peer to peer model, client/server mode), network topology (star topology, ring topology, bus topology and mesh network topology).computer network it is classified as personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN),metropolitan area network(MAN),wide area network(WAN),global area network(GAN) Computer network is very useful to the public because it has many applications such as access to remote information by using this application any one can do their work from anywhere in the world( ticket reservation ,shopping), communication between one to another through email, videoconferencing. Business application Different type of computer network Local area network (LAN) Local area network (LAN) is less number or group of computers and related devices such as printer, scanner etc that share a common communication line.lan is considered within a small geographical area such as a home, office building here LAN is designed by using Ethernet technology such as Ethernet cables, Ethernet switches and adapters. Local area network (LAN) performance features are depending on size of the network, network topologies and transmission technology. Advantage of LAN is cover small geographical area so transmission time is limited. Different type of topologies is support to create broadcast LAN network such as bus and ring based topologies. FIDD is used in the LAN for connect token ring. IEEE 802.11standad indicates the local area network technologies. [Andrew s] Metropolitan area network (MAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) is developed version of LAN and this network also using same technologies as LAN, compare with LAN it cover large area (company offices and city).this network carrying voice signal and dates. MAN network contain few cables it dont have any switching elements, by using network technologies such as backbone technology, routers and switches it connect several LAN networks. DQDB (distributed queue dual bus) is MAN network standard by using this standard we can expand the network up to 30km and speeds of 34 to 155 Mbit/s Wide area network (WAN) Wide area network (WAN) comparatively covers wide geographical (country or continent) area and connecting number of local area network, local area network connected to a WAN through the public net work such as internet.WAN network can use is satellite system, WAN routers contain antenna by using antenna it can make data transmission. Switching device and transmission link are two separate mechanism of subnet in the WAN network. Different type of transmission link are available to carry the signals and data transmission from one system to another system over the WAN network such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable. WAN is a collection of LAN, these LANs are connected via switching device router so each LAN must contain at least one router to interconnect. WAN network use backbone technology. Global area network (GAN) Global area network (GAN) is collection of different network such as WAN or MAN it covers the very large geographical area (unlimited area). Worldwide individual business companies use GAN network for their process. Network architecture model Client-server network model Client- server model is very useful and popular network model in the network architecture client and server devices are designed for the particular function in the computer network client server model mainly used in internet as well as local area network. Personal computers are client device in the network it is installed with required network software; database and files are stored in the server devices, server devices contain more memory, bigger disk drive than client devices The client server model client makes a request to server and server receives client request and response to their client request. Advantage of client-server model is centralised network model it means all users in the network are connected to a central server. Central server contains all user information and communication information. Configuration of data backup, security policies are easy in this model Peer to peer network model Peer to peer network is suitable for a small network in this model more than one computer or group of computers are connected through the network .peer nodes sharing their documents, audio, video file and datas in digital format a and also they sharing their resource without a dedicated server all connected peers act as either client or server. One system acts as server for one transaction while simultaneously act as client for another transaction in this model every client act as server and server act as client. It is complicated to apply security policies and access policies to the network because peer to peer network is a small contain few computers. Access permission and rights of users set individuality in peer to peer network. This model do not utilize centralized network model so it dont have any user information or communication information NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Different network topologies are available in computer networking they are star topology, bus topology, ring topology, tree topology and mesh topology these topologies help to design an excellent network. when design a network designer should have to choose which topology is suitable for the particular network Ring topology Ring topology is used to connect network devices in ring shape when these devices in ring shape each device has two neighbour devices for their message transaction this message transaction between neighbour only one direction. Ring topology use token passing system to their message transmission and access control. Main drawback of this method is any device fails in network ring that cause entire network transmission become failure this kind of network can manage and implement easily and it normally uses in office, school network different technologies are available to implement ring topology such as token ring and FDDI Star topology Most of the network use star topology because implementation and maintains of this network is easily this kind of networks use point to point connection between devices and central hub main advantage of star topology is any connection fail between device and hub that affect only particular device. This network devices use twisted pair Ethernet cable to connect with central device hub Bus topology Bus topology mainly used in LAN networks because these kinds of topology suitable for limited number of device bus topology use backbone to connect all devices together backbone function as connect different part of network and offering path to message transmission between network. Implementation of this topology is easy and inexpensive. It is possible to message transmission in both directions, to avoid message bouncing use termination at both end of the bus cable there is no need more cabling to connect devices. Main disadvantage of this topology is if backbone cable fails that affect whole network Tree topology Tree topology combines multiple several star topologies together into a bus by using point to point connection hub devices linked to the tree bus to develop network scalability bus/star topology in a hybrid approach. Implementation of this topology is very difficult, if backbone cable file whole network become failure advantage of this topology is each parts connected by point to point link and it supported by a number of hardware and software vendor. Network components Hardware and software components need to create a network there are different type of hardware components available in the network each of them configured for different function. Usually a network contains many components such as switch, router, server, firewall, hub, work stationest. Router Router is one of the important devices in the network it is used to connect more than one network together such as two WANs or two LANs and it allow data transmission between the networks. Routers having routing tables it contain information about network devices that uses to find the destination place of the network. Routers work at transport and network layer of the OSI reference model. Routers maintain traffic control in the network. Switch Switch is one of the hardware devices in the network it is used to connect network device such as server, workstation and printers together with in a local area network .switches work at the data link layer of the OSI reference model. Switches have a facility to check whether that the data received or not, delivering the messages to correct destination and also identifying that the particular data was transferred from which device (source) to other device (destination).`different type of Ethernet switches are available but in this network i have used Ethernet 16 port switches to connect network devices. Server In the client/server networking model a server receive requests from client in the same network or other network and response client request. There are different types of server with their related configuration. In this network i have used many servers such as database server, Email server, VoIP server, HTTP server, FTP server, file server, printer server and backup server. Firewall Main task of the firewall is preventing unprivileged user from accessing the network. There is different type of firewalls such as packet filter firewall, application gateway and proxy server each of them doing different job in the network .firewall implemented in some hardware devices. In this project i have used firewall router in a simulation. Open system interconnection (OSI) model OSI reference model is clearly defined how messages transmitted from source to destination in the networking. OSI reference model contain seven layers such as application layer, presentation layer, session layer, Trans port layer, network layer, data link layer and presentation layer. This model describes structure of a network for applying protocol on seven layers. Every layers doing different function. This model spited into tow part such as upper layers and lower layers. Upper layers associated with software and lower layers associated with hardware. Application layer Application layer is highest layer of OSI reference model. Main function of this layer is interface for users to relate with application and identifying end user, verify resource availability. By using application users can access information at application layer. Application layer providing some services such as file transfer, electronic mail and software services. Many Protocols are implemented in this layer such as file transfer protocol (FTP), hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP), simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) and telnet. Presentation layer Presentation layer is sixth layer of the OSI reference model this layer receives all messages from application and sends those messages to session layer. Main function of this layer is converting the format of receiving and sending data format and also many functions are undertaking by this layer such as data compression, encryption, decryption, protocol conversation and encodes message for email transaction. Presentation layer providing some services such as simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), telnet and file transfer protocol (FTP). At this layer data transmission starts with syntax and semantics format. Session layer Fifth layer of the OSI reference model is session layer it provides function to communicate between two nodes in the network this layer create, maintain and stop connection between the node and few protocols are implemented they are data link protocol (DLP), apple talk session protocol (ASP) and printer access control protocol (PAP) these protocols are mainly uses to multimedia messages. Transport layer Data link layer Data link layer is second layer of the OSI reference model the use of this layer is control and arranges all sending messages from software to network link. This layer makes some network setting such as data format setting, time setting and wire setting. it gives many services such as keep all messages are correct format when they transmit, maintain flow control when messages transmit over the link ,detecting error in physical layer and encoding messages for secure transaction. Physical layer Physical layer is lowest layer of the OSI reference model. This layer receives all messages from data link layer in the format of bits and converts into signal (electrical or electromagnetic signal).messages are sending to physical media via switches and wires TCP/IP model TCP/IP model contain four network layers such as application layer, transport layer, internet layer and network inter face layer. TCP/IP model and OSI reference models are providing similar services.TCP/IP model contain network communication protocol used to for different type data transmission between different networks. Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), used to Email transaction, file transfer protocol (FTP) used to file transaction etc. This model defines how particular protocols are implemented in a computer for data transmission over the network. End to end connectivity of the TCP/IP model define how datas received, routed and formatted at end nodes. TCP/IP application layer Application layer is higher level protocol of TCP/IP model this layer match to OSI reference model of session layer, application layer and presentation layer. This layer gives different services to user such as file transfer, email ect. Application layer contain many protocol such as simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), file transfer protocol (FTP) and telnet. All datas are coded in this layer then these datas encapsulated into transport layer. Lower level layers of TCP/IP model treat by application layer. Transport layer Transport layer is third layer of TCP/IP model. This layer providing services these services are managed by the user datagram protocol (UDP) and transmission control protocol (TCP). TCP is connection oriented and reliable transmission protocol. Connection oriented it means source (sender) set up connection with destination (receiver) node before the sending data. Error detection, error correction retransmission of datas is possible in TCP. UDP is connection less and unreliable transmission. Error detection, error correction retransmission of datas is impossible in UDP it is suitable for audio and video transmission. Internet layer Internet layer is second layer of TCP/IP model this model used to transfer the message from source computer to destination computer. Internet protocol (IP) is main protocol of this layer. This protocol providing many services such as routing packets between source and destination. Internet protocols receive messages from network interface layer in the format of bit then make it into packets. Network interface layer is lowest layer of the TCP/IP model main function of this layer is by using protocol it create a connection to physical medium, error detection and packet framing are possible in this layer. This layer contain local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN) technologies such as token ring,X.25,ehhernet and frame relay. This layer responsible for physical devices such as wire, cables, network interface card and satellite links. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) contains three layers such as ATM adaption layer, ATM layer and physical layer. This model providing different type of function it used to transfer all type datas such as audio, video and text messages. Same time we can use ATM technology in different network (LAN. MAN and WAN). ATM model contain management, hyphenated and handshaking protocol, quality of services and flow control facilities. Hyphenated protocol is connection oriented; cell switched and point to point.ATM use different type of technologies to data transmission. Fixed -length cells model used to transfer variable frames this model use 48 bytes for data, 5bytes for overhead. ATM adaption layer ATM adaption layer is third layer of this model this model composed application layer, transport layer and session layer of OSI reference mode. There are two different types of layers in ATM adaption layer such as convergence sub layer and segmentation and reassembly sub layer. It is classified into five types of class for providing different type of services. According to this class of services Convergence sub layer receive messages from high level layer, identify the received message format, type finally arrange all messages for sending out. ATM layer ATM layer is second layer of this model this layer providing link between ATM adaption layer and physical layer to transmit cells between those two layers and also create virtual link, doing multiplex and de-multiplex of cells, creating cell header. ATM physical layer ATM physical layer is first layer of this model the main function of this layer is encapsulate all incoming cells in a proper format before transmit bit to the physical medium. Physical layer divided into two sub layers such as transmission convergence sub layer and physical medium dependent sub layer these sub layers are doing different function such as transmission convergence sub layer doing error correction, framing and de-framing of cells and physical medium dependent sub layer assign bit time and coding for the physical medium. Protocols Protocol is a set of rules it is used to transfer the message between one ends to another end. OSI reference model is clearly defined how messages transmitted from source to destination in the networking. This reference model contain seven layers each layers must contain one or more protocol for their message transmission. Internet protocol (IP) Main function of internet protocol (IP) is transmits message between one end to another end. When sends the messages via this protocol message divided into many parts each part contain IP address if end system and this small segment send different ways receiver receive this segment in different order. This protocol implemented in network layer of OSI reference model and internet layer of TCP/IP model so internet protocol (IP) support data transmission to upper level layers in OSI and TCP/IP reference model. This protocol is connection less protocol and we cant make sure about delivery of message. Now days two different version of internet protocols (IP) are available in the networking such as internet protocol version4 (IPV4) and internet protocol version6 (IPV6). Transmission control protocol (TCP) Transmission control protocol (TCP) applied in transport layer of OSI reference model and host to host transport layer of TCP/IP model for message transmission. This protocol is a connection oriented and reliable transmission protocol. Connection oriented it means source (sender) set up connection with destination (receiver) node before the sending data. Error detection, error correction retransmission of datas is possible in TCP. Message transmission via this protocol is very slow because of overhead (20bytes) for error correction/detection and acknowledgement. There are two types of buffers such as sending and receiving buffers these buffers are used to storage, flow control, error detection and correction. Same time messages can be transfer both direction in TCP it provides full duplex transaction and also multiplexing and de-multiplexing are possible in TCP. [Behrouz A.] User datagram protocol (UDP) User datagram protocol (UDP) installed in transport layer of OSI reference model and host to host transport layer of TCP/IP model for message transmission between the layers. This protocol is a connection less and unreliable transmission protocol. Message transmission via UDP is very fast because there is small header (8bytes).this protocol containing many drawbacks such as no error control and no flow control. Receiver cant identify whether this message is original or duplicate when message transfer via UDP. Encapulation and decapitation of messages are possible in UDP when messages transfer from source to destination. [Behrouz A.] Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) Main function of hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) is access data from internet (www).this protocol is applied in application layer of OSI and TCP/IP reference model. It is describe the message transmission over the network from client to server and data format. This protocol use TCP for data transmission between client and server in this model the client first send request to server then server send response message to client. There is no secure message transmission because HTTP does not provide security HTTP provide security when it run over the secure socket layer This protocol messages can only understand by HTTP client and server. [Behrouz A.] File transfer protocol (FTP) File transfer protocol (FTP) is applied in application layer in TCP/IP model. Main function of this protocol is transferring datas from source to destination (client to server or server to client) in easy way.FTP protocol create two link between source and destination one is for message transmission other link for replay.FTP use three commands such as RETR command function of this command is copying files, STOR command function of this command is store the files and LIST command this is for list the files.FTP use different transmission mode to transfer the files such as compressed mode, stream mode and block mode .through the FTP protocol we can send text files, images and ASCII files.FTP use two different TCP port, port 20 is used transfer datas or files between client and server and port 21 is used to control transmission between them. [Behrouz A.] Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) is installed in application layer in TCP/IP reference model. Function of this protocol is transferring the email messages between client and server and also it contains some commands these commands are used to transfer the datas between client and server. Some other protocols are support to email transmission with SMTP such as post office protocol (POP3) and internet mail access protocol (IMAP4) [Behrouz A.] Simple network management protocol (SNMP) Simple network management protocol (SNMP) is applied in application layer of TCP/IP reference model this type of protocol is used to manage the network for providing better network performance by regular testing system, protect the network from unwanted user by monitoring system. SNMP protocol defines the transaction between the manager and agent. SNMP manager verify the agent details by sending requesting message to agent. SNMP identify the packets exchange between manager and agent [Behrouz A.] Network transmission media A transmission media is necessary to transfer a signal form source to destination in the networking system. Signals are transfer via Guided and unguided transmission media now a days different type of guided transmission media support to carry the signal such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable. Unguided transmission media it is radio wave, micro wave and infrared Twisted pair cable Twisted pair cable is one of the guided transmission media to carry the signal over the network. Analogy and digital signal can be carried by this cable. This cable contains two shield copper wire then these wires are sick together. This type of cables used in telecommunication system. Twisted pair cable not suitable for long expanse, repeaters is needed to use long distance, for small area it will work without amplification. Compare to other cables this type of cable is inexpensive. Two types of twisted pair cables are available one is unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) another one is shield twisted pair cable (STP). [Andrew s] Coaxial cable Compare to twisted pair cable it is better shield cable it is suitable for carry the signal to long distance. This kind of cables used to carry the high frequency signals and broad band signals as well as this cable carries analogy and digital signal but using different cable. Coaxial cables providing functions in several ways one is baseband it use total bandwidth to carry the signals, another one is broad band it divide the bandwidth with signals. Centre core it is made by hard copper wire, this core is bounded by inner dielectric insulator, copper screen and plastic sheath. [Andrew s], [Michael] Fiber optics cable Fiber optic cables transfer the signal in the form of light beam. This type of cable is used to connect different cities and countries such as telephone connection because these cables are suitable for long distance. Two different types of fibre optic cables are available such as single mode fibber optic cable and multimode fiber optic cable and this cables contain two part such as inner class cylindrical core and outer class cladding Compare with other cables it has many advantage such as it can be used to long distance, signal transmission is very fast and loss of signal is very low. Disadvantage of this cable it is very expensive. [Michael] Quality of services Quality of services (QOS) contains many network technologies to develop a network. Quality of services gives expected result to the network and quality of services develop and determine data transfer, delay, and error rate and loss of cell in the network. It is very use full apply the quality of services to VOIP and video but implementation of quality if services to network is very difficult. Quality of service measure Type of Delay Different type of delay are occur in the network during the data transmission from one system to another system they are processing delay, queuing delay, transmission delay and propagation delay. Processing delay A data(1 bit) transmission time between the end systems (source to destination) it is called processing delay this delay may occur for the following reaction such as error datas transmitting from one system to router, network architecture, switching mode and also it include in configuration of network devices Propagation delay A data (1 bit) of transmission between the source and destination it is called propagation delay. This delay depends on distance between routers and propagation speed; it depends on the transmission media propagation delay calculated by dividing the distance by propagation speed Propagation delay= [Behrouz A] Queuing delay Datas or packets waiting in queue at intermediate device (router) for their transaction, when the network is busy router cant rout all the packet at same time it process these packet one by one so packets need to wait this waiting time is called queuing delay. Transmission delay Transmission delay is amount of time is needed to transfer one bit of data via transmission media. Transmission delay depends on bandwidth and size of the data. Transmission time= [Behrouz A] Jitter Voice over internet protocol (VOIP) Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is used to communication purpose it means one person can transfer his information to another person through telephone call, voice and fax over the IP based network. To reduce the bandwidth waste VOIP use packet- switching method to telephone calls. Normally more bandwidth is needed to voice transmission but voice data is compressed to small for the transaction so it require small bandwidth. Main advantage of VOIP is reducing the cost of long distance calls, when compare with ordinary phone call for this reason every organization applying VOIP in their networks. IP telephone is used in the VOIP network because IP telephone designed with coder/decoder for convert the voice signal from analogy to digital signal and digital to analogy signal. Softwares and hardware components are helps to connect the phone with network. Different protocols are implemented in the VOIP network for support voice transaction such as RTP(real time transport protocol) it support the delay of audio, H.323 protocol used to multimedia transmission, H.235 protocol used to data encryption. ) [Michael] List of books 1) [Michael] MICHAEL A, WILLIAM M Networking explained, second edition ISBN 1-55558-252-4 2) [Behrouz A.] Behrouz A. Frozen, TCP/IP protocol Suite Fourth Edition ISBN 978-0-07-016678-3 3) [Andrew s] Andrew S.Tanenbaum, computer networks fourth edition ISBN 0-13-038488-7 4) [James F] James F.Kurose, Keith W.ROSE Computer networking, fourth edition, a top down approach ISBN -13:978-0-321-51325-0 ISBN -10:0-321-51325-8 5) [Behrouz A] Behrouz A.Forouzan, data communication and networking, fourth edition ISBN 007-125442-0 List of Internet and

The Standards and Values by which the Court of Malfi Lives Essays

The Standards and Values by which the Court of Malfi Lives The values that govern character's decisions in The Duchess of Malfi are diametrically opposed to the modern day ethos by which we are accustomed to live. The play is set in a time and society where today's basic sociability, fairness and freedom from oppression were completely unheard of and unprecedented. Those in power saw no point to their authority if they did not take full advantage of their influence, nobody would lookout for anyone else and people's livelihoods depended on kings' fickle whims. Corruption was rife, fuelled by the ruthless backstabbing and do-or-die attitude. In fact, the play starts by amalgamating and spotlighting the flaws with the court system by referring to Antonio's recent excursion and comparing Malfi with the vastly different French court. Antonio is clearly a newly-converted Francophile and describes his experiences in glowing terms, emphasising its superiority with a pithy, italicised aphorism to show that the French head-of-state fully understands how his decisions affect the people - should someone "poison't near the head, Death and diseases through the whole land spread" (I, i, l. 14-5). Coining a superb simile in describing the court as "like a common fountain" (I, i, l. 12), the French communal spirit and sharing lifestyle is drawn to the audience's attention. Unlike the Duke of Calabria, the King does not punish freedom of speech and feels duty-bound to deracinate the inveterate "corruption of the times" (I, i, l. 18). Antonio is one of the most admirable characters and one of the few in the play's opening who displays an attractive side to their personality. He clearly has positive values, as shown by... ...her classes sufficiently, and several characters such as Rodgerigo and Castruchio seem to favour following this method. The Cardinal looks as though he has reached his elevated position only by extirpating himself from his conscience and things such as respect and position are clearly very important in court society. A moral character that would stick to ethical beliefs would not last long in this world of corruption and mercilessness. Right and wrong (only in respect to what is owed to you) is a vital issue and it is very important to learn to mix with the right people in order to rise to the highest echelons of the court. Overall, the emphasis in the Italian court of Malfi seems to rest on material worldly goodness such as money, appearance and status rather than aspects some would consider more important - spiritual well-being, conscience and morals. The Standards and Values by which the Court of Malfi Lives Essays The Standards and Values by which the Court of Malfi Lives The values that govern character's decisions in The Duchess of Malfi are diametrically opposed to the modern day ethos by which we are accustomed to live. The play is set in a time and society where today's basic sociability, fairness and freedom from oppression were completely unheard of and unprecedented. Those in power saw no point to their authority if they did not take full advantage of their influence, nobody would lookout for anyone else and people's livelihoods depended on kings' fickle whims. Corruption was rife, fuelled by the ruthless backstabbing and do-or-die attitude. In fact, the play starts by amalgamating and spotlighting the flaws with the court system by referring to Antonio's recent excursion and comparing Malfi with the vastly different French court. Antonio is clearly a newly-converted Francophile and describes his experiences in glowing terms, emphasising its superiority with a pithy, italicised aphorism to show that the French head-of-state fully understands how his decisions affect the people - should someone "poison't near the head, Death and diseases through the whole land spread" (I, i, l. 14-5). Coining a superb simile in describing the court as "like a common fountain" (I, i, l. 12), the French communal spirit and sharing lifestyle is drawn to the audience's attention. Unlike the Duke of Calabria, the King does not punish freedom of speech and feels duty-bound to deracinate the inveterate "corruption of the times" (I, i, l. 18). Antonio is one of the most admirable characters and one of the few in the play's opening who displays an attractive side to their personality. He clearly has positive values, as shown by... ...her classes sufficiently, and several characters such as Rodgerigo and Castruchio seem to favour following this method. The Cardinal looks as though he has reached his elevated position only by extirpating himself from his conscience and things such as respect and position are clearly very important in court society. A moral character that would stick to ethical beliefs would not last long in this world of corruption and mercilessness. Right and wrong (only in respect to what is owed to you) is a vital issue and it is very important to learn to mix with the right people in order to rise to the highest echelons of the court. Overall, the emphasis in the Italian court of Malfi seems to rest on material worldly goodness such as money, appearance and status rather than aspects some would consider more important - spiritual well-being, conscience and morals.

Psych 101 Final Exam

Part 1 of 1 – 100. 0/ 100. 0 Points Question 1 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Recovering a memory is like a _____________. A. Replaying a videotape of an event and filling in the missing sensory experiences, such as smell B. Reading a short story in which the plot is detailed but mental images must be generated C. Hearing the soundtrack of a story without access to the visual, and other sensory images Correct D. Watching unconnected frames of a movie and figuring out what the rest of the scene was like. Answer Key: D Question 2 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 PointsWhich term is used to describe the confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you. Correct A. Confabulation B. Flashbulb memories C. Serial position effects D. Priming Answer Key: A Question 3 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Detective Adams interrogates eyewitnesses of crimes on a regular basis. To ensure that their testimony is accurate, it is important that he ____________________. A. Ask leading questions B. Make suggestive comments Correct C. Avoid misleading information D. Provide misleading information Answer Key: C Question 4 of 50 2. 0/ 2. Points The relearning method of measuring implicit memory, devised by Ebbinghaus involves _____________. A. Recognition of previous information shared B. Recall of previously performed tasks Correct C. Studying information or a task learned previously D. Reteaching of information learned at an earlier age. Answer Key: C Question 5 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points In the three-box model, all incoming information must make a brief stop in the _________. A. Short-term memory B. Long-term memory Correct C. Sensory register D. Working memory Answer Key: C Question 6 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 PointsWhen you roller blade, you are relying on ______________ memory. A. Semantic B. Episodic Correct C. Procedural D. Declarative Answer Key: C Question 7 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Autobiographical memory begins when ___________________. A. A child turns one B. A child is able to think in the abstract Correct C. A self-concept is established D. Routines have been established Answer Key: C Question 8 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience is called ____________. A. Behavior modification B. Higher-order conditioning CorrectC. Learning D. Shaping Answer Key: C Question 9 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points When Alan feeds his fish, he notices that they swim to the top as soon as he turns on the aquarium light. In this example, the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus. A. Presence of Alan near the aquarium B. Fish swimming to the top Correct C. Aquarium light D. Fish food Answer Key: C Question 10 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points In classical conditioning, if a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus, then _______________ occurs. A. Instinctive drift Correct B. ExtinctionC. Counterconditioning D. Discrimination Answer Key: B Question 11 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Shortly after Martin and his wife at filet mignon with bearnaise sauce, Martin fell ill with the flu. Classical conditioning occurred and _________ became a conditioned stimulus for nausea. A. The type of china used by the restaurant B. The presence of Martin's wife C. The soft light from the candles Correct D. Bearnaise sauce Answer Key: D Question 12 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Punishment ____________ the response Correct A. Weakens B. Strengthens C. Has no effect on D. Depends onAnswer Key: A Question 13 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points In their study of three groups of rats in a maze, Tolman and his colleague Honzik noted that ______________ occurs without obvious reinforcement. A. Operant conditioning B. Classical conditioning Correct C. Latent learning D. Successive approximation Answer Key: C Question 14 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points ___________________ psychologists study how roles, attitudes, relationships, and groups influence people to do things they would not necessarily do on their own Correct A. Social B. Cu ltural C. Clinical D. Counseling Answer Key: AQuestion 15 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Marco enters an elevator and stands in it facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door. In this example, Marco violates ________________. A. His gender role B. A social role Correct C. A norm D. A stereotype Answer Key: C Question 16 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the cause of an action as something Correct A. In the environment B. In the person's disposition C. That is a biological trait D. With an unconscious motivation Answer Key: A Question 17 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points _______________ is a tendency for all people on a team or a mission together to agree with each other and suppress any dissension among their ranks. Correct A. Groupthink B. Conformity C. Consensus D. Deindividuation Answer Key: A Question 18 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Lucas is making his way across a busy campus between classes. He notices smoke coming from the sid e of the cafeteria but figures that someone already called the fire department. What phenomenon does this illustrate? A. Just-world hypothesis Correct B. Diffusion of responsibility C. Deindividuation D. Groupthink Answer Key: BQuestion 19 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points _____________ occurs when members of minority groups come to identify with and feel a part of the mainstream culture A. Socialization B. Ethnocentrism Correct C. Acculturation D. Indoctrination Answer Key: C Question 20 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Lindsay has weak feelings of ethnic identity with her Scottish heritage and a strong sense of acculturation with the United States, proclaiming that she is an American and that is that! Lindsay would be considered A. Separatist B. Bicultural Correct C. Assimilated D. Marginal Answer Key: C Question 21 of 50 2. / 2. 0 Points In what ways do stereotypes distort reality? Correct A. They exaggerate differences between groups B. They overestimate differences within other groups C. They pro duce many different perceptions D. They show that members of a group can be different Answer Key: A Question 22 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points The need to avoid stereotyping was illustrated in the story of the Bahamas vacation of social psychologist Roger Brown. Brown noticed that the people he met from the Bahamas were rude, sullen, and unfriendly. By the end of this trip, Brown had concluded that ______________. A.The people that he met had to deal with so many demanding tourists that it was difficult for them to remain friendly. Correct B. The expression on his own face had been wintry and unrelaxed, and so Bahamas residents assumed he was not interested in them and acted in a noncommittal manner C. Ethnocentrism is strong in the Bahamas, creating an us-them barrier between the residents and tourists. D. The majority of the residents who interact with tourists on a regular basis have become ethic separatists tied to the tourism industry for economic reasons. Answer Key: B Question 23 of 50 2. / 2. 0 Points The primary purpose of the DSM is to ________________. A. Help psychologists assess normal, as well as abnormal behavior B. Keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum Correct C. Provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders D. Describe the causes of common psychological disorders. Answer Key: C Question 24 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Psychological tests are used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called _____________. A.Clinical judgment tests B. Inventories C. Objective tests Correct D. Projective tests Answer Key: D Question 25 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points The chief characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder is _________________. Correct A. Continuous, uncontrollable anxiety or worry B. Short-lived but intense feelings of spontaneous anxiety C. Excessive fear of a particular situation D. Repeated thoughts used to ward of f anxious feelings Answer Key: A Question 26 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Kellie is extremely fearful in situations in which she must eat in public or write in the presence of others.What Kellie has is classified as _________________. A. A generalized anxiety disorder B. An idiosyncratic phobia C. An obsessive-compulsive disorder Correct D. A social phobia Answer Key: D Question 27 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points ______________ is a disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression. A. Generalized anxiety disorder B. Major depression Correct C. Bipolar disorder D. Borderline personality disorder Answer Key: C Question 28 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Which of the following is a factor involved in causing depression A. Repeated experience of violenceB. Vulnerability to stress C. Cognitive habits Correct D. All of the above Answer Key: D Question 29 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points The _____________ model holds that addiction to alcohol or any drug is due primarily to a person's biochemistr y, metabolism, and genetic predisposition. Correct A. Biological B. Social learning C. Cognitive D. Addiction Answer Key: A Question 30 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Which of the following is a psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, emotional flatness, and a loss of motivation? Correct A. Schizophrenia B. PsychopathC. Dissociative identity disorder D. Paranoid personality disorder Answer Key: A Question 31 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Dr. Sardonicus is a clinician who treats clients with psychological disorders. His main approach to treatment includes use of medications and direct intervention in brain function. Dr. Sardonicus is most likely a A. Psychoanalyst Correct B. Psychiatrist C. Psychologist D. Psychotherapist Answer Key: B Question 32 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points People suffering from bipolar disorder are helped by taking ________________. A. An antipsychotic B. A tranquilizer Correct C.Lithium carbonate D. An antidepressant Answer Key: C Question 33 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Which below is a reason to be cautious about drug prescription in the treatment of mental disorders? A. Relapse and dropout rates B. Difficulty in determining right dosage C. Unknown risks over time Correct D. All of the above Answer Key: D Question 34 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat _____________ that has not responded to other treatments, but the effects are short-lived. A. Bipolar disorder Correct B. Severe depression C. Schizophrenia D.Obsessive-compulsive disorder Answer Key: B Question 35 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points The originator of the famous â€Å"talking cure† in psychology was ______________. Correct A. Sigmund Freud B. Carl Rogers C. John Watson D. Albert Ellis Answer Key: A Question 36 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Systematic desensitization is based on ___________________. Correct A. Counter conditioning B. Operant conditioning C. Stimulus generalization D. Spontaneous recovery Answer Key: A Questi on 37 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points The technique, invented by Albert Ellis, known as _________________ is a form of cognitive therapy.A. Transference Correct B. Rational-emotive therapy C. Flooding D. Unconditional positive regard Answer Key: B Question 38 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Clients who do well in therapy tend to __________________. Correct A. Be agreeable and have a positive outlook B. Have a personal style of avoiding difficulties C. Have at least 2 siblings D. Participate in self-help groups Answer Key: A Question 39 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Emotions bind people together and ______________. A. Motivate people to make friends B. Make them more sensitive Correct C. Motivate them to achieve their goalsD. Make them stronger Answer Key: C Question 40 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Disgust and contempt would typically be considered _______________. Correct A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Conditioned Answer Key: A Question 41 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Simon has damage to his amygdala. It i s most likely that he ______________. Correct A. Has difficulty recognizing fear in others B. Has lost the capacity to set aside his fear even when the danger is gone C. Feels excessively manic and euphoric D. Feels excessively depressed Answer Key: A Question 42 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 PointsAs a child's cerebral cortex matures, cognitions and emotions __________________. A. Develop at the same pace B. Maintain present levels C. Become less cognitively complex Correct D. Become more cognitively complex Answer Key: D Question 43 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points A North American man would be LESS LIKELY than a North American woman to say ____________. A. â€Å"I'm on edge† Correct B. â€Å"I'm worried† C. â€Å"I'm frustrated† D. â€Å"I'm moody. † Answer Key: B Question 44 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Children who live or go to school near noisy airports have ___________________. Correct A. Higher blood pressure and having memory problemsB. Higher blood pressure but are able to easily focus C. Lower blood pressure and are more distractable D. Lower blood pressure but are able to easily focus Answer Key: A Question 45 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Which of the following is related to having an internal locus of control? Correct A. Optimism B. Learned helplessness C. Pessimism D. Emotion work Answer Key: A Question 46 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type A people? A. Sense of time urgency B. Ambitiousness Correct C. Patience D. Irritability Answer Key: C Question 47 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 PointsWhat coping method is being used when a person says, â€Å"Well, I may have lost my accounting job, but I always did want a chance to work with people, and now I can find a job that allows me to do that? Correct A. Reappraising the situation B. Learning from the experience C. Making social comparisons D. Cultivating a sense of humor Answer Key: A Question 48 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points According to attachment theory of love, anxious or am bivalent lovers worry that ____________. A. They love their partner too much Correct B. Their partner will leave them C. Their partner will never give them spaceD. Their partner is not good enough Answer Key: B Question 49 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points Although Kinsey saw women as being ___________________. A. Completely different from men anatomically B. Caring more about affection than sexual satisfaction Correct C. As sexually motivated as men D. Less sexually motivated than men. Answer Key: C Question 50 of 50 2. 0/ 2. 0 Points When gender roles change because of social and economic shifts in society, so do ___________. A. Economic and social arrangements B. Rates of marriage Correct C. Sexual scripts D. Rates of divorce Answer Key: C

Perfect family Essay

Perfect family Essay Perfect family Essay In â€Å"The Way We Wish WE Were†, Stephanie Coontz examines her students’ visions of traditional family life, Pleas evaluate the article for the purpose of constructing a comparison and contrast essay wherein you compare the truths of the American past concerning family structures to the reality of American Family life. Read the article entirely and find instances of false ideas about what was in early American Family life compared to what really was, or the facts of reality. Conclusion This book takes a critical look at how Americans long for a time that never was. She also includes many fascinating facts about marriage such as: In the nineteenth century, the age of sexual consent in some states was nine or ten. Teenage pregnancy peaked in the often-favored 1950s. Families of the 1950s were more diverse and less idyllic than many believe. Pioneer marriages did not last as long as modern day marriages. People have when they realize that the reality of their lives doesn't match the myths they have been led to believe. The cherished illusions of the so-called "normal", traditional marriage are just that - illusions. Stephanie Coontz looks at the historical record and shows us that at no time in history did the family live up to a perfect model. She also teaches us to question the statistics and look at a variety of underlying reasons for historic and contemporary social issues. Please watch this video lecture by Stephanie Coontz on the topic of this book. family values are what makes people act like they do in certain situations and affects what they care about in life. When people think of the perfect family, they think of the 1950’s, but that was not what the perfect family. People in Marigees When people think of the perfect family, they think of the 1950’s, but that was not what the perfect family. Modern society is being criticized for its lack of family values and the declining respect. The 1950s are being the basis of comparison. Many blame the the ilss of modern of ills in society its important to recall that drug and Marrige is different from what it used to be. The things we think are traditional are really just current traditions not practiced back then. One parent families where the norm in , one parent would die before their children Was ready to leave their home, in the 1970s children would expierence their parents divorcing. Many step families were made but were much worse than thte ones now . Traditional families back in the day did not protect kids, kids had to sacrifice for their parents. child labor paid for their parents’ retirement. Parents would pull kids out of school to start working. Thesis In â€Å"The Way We Wish We Were†,

Australia Macroeconomy Policies 2009

Australia Macroeconomy Policies 2009 Free Online Research Papers Australian governments over precedent decades have conventionally aimed towards including triangular objectives of financial growth, domestic poise, and external poise within framework of single economy. (DORNBUSCH, Rudiger, 2006) Collectively, these trio set of objectives aim towards sustaining nationalized financial growth while retaining inferior inflation as well as limiting the mass of overseas debts and liabilities. Several researches conducted in concerned field have revealed that there is no consistency in level of economic growth though; it is influenced greatly by fluctuations of international business cycle. (DORNBUSCH, Rudiger, 2006) A governmental macroeconomic management is referred as an attempt to minimize the impact of international business fluctuations by controlling demand to facilitate sustained growth together with inferior inflation and unemployment. (BLINDER, Alan S., 2008) The macroeconomic policies, owing to influenced-by-demand nature, cannot be exercised exclusively and thus, are utilized in combination with supply side swaying microeconomic reforms. (BERNANKE, Ben, 2007) Conventionally, the fiscal policies are frequently implemented by Australian government to enhance domestic savings and to control government public debt in order to maintain adequate levels of external aspects and stability together with providing openings for economic growth. (BERNANKE, Ben, 2007) This paper hereby emphasizes on exhibiting current macroeconomic policy settings currently being applied in Australia in addition with suitable policies in the context of expectations regarding economic growth, unemployment, inflation and trade over the next year. 2. Macroeconomic Policies In influencing demand with and economy, the government uses the two instruments of fiscal and monetary policy. 2.1 Fiscal Policies â€Å"Fiscal policy† is the utilization of governmental expenditures together with taxation to sway the financial system of country. (SUESCÚN, Rodrigo, 2007) Usually governments execute fiscal policies to endorse sturdy and sustainable economic growth and diminish poverty. The function and aims of fiscal policy have achieved eminence in contemporary crisis as governments have intervened in markets to shore up economy, augment growth, and alleviate the impact of global financial crisis on susceptible groups. Governments unswervingly and obliquely sway the way possessions are utilized in an economy. (SUESCÚN, Rodrigo, 2007) Given below is a fundamental equation that demonstrates the way in which national income accounting works: â€Å"GDP = C + I + G + NX† In above equation GDP denotes gross domestic product i.e. the value of all final merchandise and services produced in economy. Whereas, C, I, G, NX denotes private consumption, private investment, procurement of goods and services by governmental agencies and net exports during a fiscal year i.e. amount of exports minus imports, respectively. (BARTOLOTTI, Leo N., 2006) The above equation contributes towards development of understanding that governments surely affects GDP by unswervingly controlling G and influences C, I and NX indirectly via modifications in taxes, transfers and expenditures. (BARTOLOTTI, Leo N., 2006) To attain short term goals, government’s centers their attention on macroeconomic steadiness for instance, motivating an ill economy, struggling with mounting inflation, or aiding to decrease external susceptibility on the other hand, to attain long term goals, the main intention is to cultivate sustainable intensification or decrease poverty with measures on the supply-side to progress infrastructure or edification. (BLINDER, Alan S., 2008) Though, these goals are generally common across nations, but their relative significance diverges depends on circumstances of a nation. (BARTOLOTTI, Leo N., 2006) In case of Australia, its current financial position is stabilized by both, internationally as well as historically. Via implementing correct fiscal policies Australian government had gained success in writing off its net debt and has continued its voyage towards strengthening the country’s balance sheet by issuing budget surpluses and gathered fiscal assets to future funds. According to â€Å"intergenerational report† issued in year 2007 by Australian treasury demonstrates that in long term, the intergenerational financial pressures pose unremitting challenges to be faced by governmental finances. (www.treasury.gov.au) The reports also projects that by the fiscal year 2046-47, the governmental expenditure is assumed to exceed income by approximately 3.5 % of GDP. Owing to these assumptions by Australian treasury, the government has commenced strengthening its balance sheet by generating assets in future funds to counterbalance the liabilities owed to former as well as current public sector employees. (www.treasury.gov.au) Source: Australian treasury projections 2.2 Monetary Policies In accordance with the provisions made by legislation of â€Å"Australia’s Reserve Bank Act†, the main goals of Australia central bank is to maintain the stabilization of national currency, economical prosperity, wellbeing of citizens and implementation of essential measures to avert joblessness. (KENYON, Peter D., 1995) The provisions made in above said act makes necessary for RBA to present a report annually to treasury department and to parliament, through which it gets public. (KENYON, Peter D., 1995) As per the statement issued by RBA on monetary policy in Feb, 2008, it is revealed that the despite of tremendous slowdown in worldwide financial markets, Australian economic condition all through out in recent years had demonstrated great results in addition with elevated levels of inflation owing to the constant domestic demand. (www.rba.gov.au) Together with utilization of fiscal policies, monetary policy also comprises measures implanted by RBA to manipulate the cost availability of liquidity and credit with in Australian economy. In order to achieve internal balance RBA sways the level of interest rates using nationalized market operations like selling and procuring of governmental bonds, rectifying scarcity or excess of funds in short term liquidity market. (www.rba.gov.au) The report further states that the fiscal accounts of Australia in preceding year had exhibited economic growth of four percent over year with raise in nationalized demand by five and a half percent which is undoubtedly more than trend growth within economy’s yielding capacity. (www.rba.gov.au) Due to the counter balancing approach of RBA, there has been augmented growth in consumer growth which is being driven by the intensification of household incomes which further demonstrates the elevating levels of employment and actual wages together with decreasing income taxes. (PUBLISHING OECD PUBLISHING, 2008) According to economic indicators, it is revealed that this raising trend of nationalized demand had sustained its pace till quarter ended in December; however the speed of production growth had moderately slowed down as most of consumer demands were met by imports. In the midst of consumer demand still mounting robustly post elongated duration of development, there have been unrelenting signals that industrious capability is over lengthened backed up by a number of commercial surveys that indicates both elevated rates of industrious capability consumption and soaring levels of labor insufficiency. (OECD, 2009) Over the route of the trade cycle, it is anticipated that Reserve Bank of Australia, in the coming future will emphasize on tightening and loosening of monetary policy to prevent inflation dropping over its tow to three percent approximate target range. (www.rba.gov.au) However, according to researches conducted in concerned field by economists demonstrates that to maintain economic stabilization, the Reserve Bank of Australia should manipulate the rate of exchange devoid of modifying current stance of monetary policy. (www.rba.gov.au) This ought to be achieved via procurement and selling of bonds equal to amount of Australian dollar traded over time to maintain liquidity stabilization. (www.rba.gov.au) 3. Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Inflation, Unemployment, Commercial Expenditure and Economic Growth Australian macroeconomic policies had witnessed a great accomplishment in maintaining the growth of inflation within its pre-specified goals, with the existing rate of price rises, as deliberates through the â€Å"CPI,† at 2.6%, i.e. inside the set range of Reserve Bank of Australia. (VINEY, Christopher, 2009) The RBA’s preventative approach towards aiming monetary policy to hoist the liquidity rate from 3.00 % to 3.25 % would make certain that inflation would not drop more than its target range. (VINEY, Christopher, 2009) Source: Australian treasury projections With regard to unemployment, the sluggish rate of economic growth of early 90’s mid 90’s leaded to high rate of joblessness in country i.e. on an average of 8.5 % though, via implementation of current macroeconomic policies the economic growth of Australia began to gain its lost pace in fiscal year 1998-99 (VINEY, Christopher, 2009) and since then, the rate of unemployment in country had dropped down to the current level of 5.8 % which is at its lowest in past thirty three years. (VINEY, Christopher, 2009) Even though, triumphant macroeconomic policies substantially decrease recurring unemployment, these policies are observed to slightly effect structural side of unemployment thus, consequences in supply-side micro reforms. Nationally, the economy had continued to demonstrate extensive flexibility in the countenance of what has been a very complex global environment. (www.rba.gov.au) The Dec and Mar quarter GDP data, in combination with other data signals on economy, implies that industrious output constricted only discreetly around the ending of last fiscal year, evaluated with retrenchments experienced in most of the other nations. 4. Conclusion It is evident that the macroeconomic policies exercised by Australian central bank as well as government had proved to be victorious in limiting negative influences of demand, but on other hand, these policies are also recorded to have petite impact on the infrastructural issues of Australia. (HART, Jeffrey A., 2009) Due to the state of recession in global markets, the results anticipated in 2008 statement of Reserve bank of Australia were not met but the current monetary and fiscal policies has managed to achieve some of it. (OECD, 2009) Several economists had indicated that as policies post implementation takes at least six to eighteen months to be fully effective to feed through end user and commercial behavior, the current steps taken by RBA will strengthens the business investments, end user spending and will boost the employment rate in country. (www.treasury.gov.au) The present lack of apprehension over the CAD at the moment efficiently eradicates the â€Å"Barrier† to economy growth, facilitating elevated rates of expansion more than rate of 3.75% 4%, placing Australia on the right track toward maximizing economic sustainability. (www.rba.gov.au) This paper hereby had present knowledge on key fiscal as well as monetary policies exercised by Australian central bank to attain a stable and unremittingly improving economy. 5. Bibliography BARTOLOTTI, Leo N. 2006. Inflation, fiscal policy and central banks. Nova Publishers. BERNANKE, Ben. 2007. Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. BLINDER, Alan S. 2008. Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy. Cengage Learning. DORNBUSCH, Rudiger. 2006. Macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Australia. HART, Jeffrey A. 2009. The Politics of International Economic Relations. Cengage Learning. KENYON, Peter D. 1995. Monetary policy in Australia: an introduction. Dept. of Economics Murdoch University. OECD. 2009. Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2009. OECD Publishing. PUBLISHING OECD PUBLISHING. 2008. OECD Economic Surveys: Australia 2008, Issue 18. OECD Publishing. SUESCÚN, Rodrigo. 2007. â€Å"Fiscal policy, stabilization, and growth: prudence or abstinence?† World Bank Publications. VINEY, Christopher. 2009. Mcgraths financial institutions, instruments and markets. McGraw-Hill Australia. www.rba.gov.au. [online]. www.treasury.gov.au. [online]. Research Papers on Australia Macroeconomy Policies 2009PETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paper